Carbureter.



G. A. F. AH LBERG.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. II. 191'). I

Patented Feb. 13

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CARBUREIEB.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 11. ms. 1, 21 6,043. I Patented Feb. 13,1917.

W 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Q i v N G. A. F. AHLBERG. cmau nmn. APPLICATIONFILED SEPT- I I. 1915.

V Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4 GUSTAV A. F. AHLBEEG, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

Application filed September 11, 1915. Seria' No. 50,196.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUs'rAv. A. F. Ann BERG, residing at Pittsburgh, inthe county of' Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which thefollowing is a description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, formlng a part of this specification, in which correspondingnumerals of reference. in the differ ent figures indicate like parts.

One object of my invention is to provide a simple, cheap and effectivecarburetor adapted for the use of kerosene or other heavyhydrocarbonoils, which may be uti' lized in conjunction with auxiliary or startingand main vaporizing appliances and controlling mechanism, in such a wayas to cause heated fuel and air to be first introduced directly to themotor, after which the controlling mechanism may be so manipulated wasto throw said auxiliary appliance out and bring said principal one intocommission. A further object is to so combine the carbureting chamberwith heating means and to so construct and dispose said chamber withreference to primary and auxiliary air supplying means, that rapidevaporation of the fuel may be induced, while the air and fuel may becaused o impinge upon each other at widely diver ing angles with respectto their relative directions of movement and at different periods in thecycle, thereby insuring a complete and liomogeneous explosivemi-xtiure,-all of which is hereinafter more particularly described anddefinitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1, is a plan of a carbureter embodying the features of myinvention, Fig. 2, is a-section taken generally upon the line 2-2, Fig.1, viewed in the direction of the arrow there shown, a slight variation,to avoid confusion, being indicated upon the line 2'-2, F ig. 4; whilethe remaining portion is shown upon the line 22, F ig. 3,'

viewed as indicated by the arrows in said respective figures.

Fig. 3, is a transverse section upon the line 8-3, Fig. 2, viewed asindicated,

Fig. i, is a like view taken upon the line ie- 1 Fig. 2, Y

Fig, 5, is a left-hand elevation,

Fig. 6, is a vertical section taken upon the line 6- Fig. 2, viewed asindicated by the arrow,

Fig. 7, is a like view showing the valve in a revised p0 51111011,

Fig. 8, is I. plan taken upon the line 88, Fig. 7, viewed in thedirection indicated by the arrow, and

Fig. 9, is a face view of the adjustable air-valve.

Referring to the drawings, 1, Figs. 1 and 2, indicates generally themain casing which is formed from cast metal provided with an upiightportion 2, at the left hand, which is integral therewith and upon whichis formed a flange 3, for connecting it to a motor. Prtferably cast in aseparate piece and permanently attached to the main or middle par. 1, bymeans of the flanges 1, Fig. 1, is a casing member. generally designatedby 5. The casing members 1 and 5, are jacketed or double walled, asbetter shown in F lg. 2, the latter having an annular chambei 6, whichis in communication at 7, with an :nnular chamber 8, in the part 1,leading at the left-hand end thereof to an exhaust opening 9, Fig. 4:,open to the atmosphere. The part 5, is provided with a central verticalchamber 10, which is closed at the top by means of a removable cap 11,supplemented by a heat insulating plate or number 12. Tapped into acentral bore formed in the inner casing at the lower end of the part5,is a cylindrical. member open at bo 1h ends, which is extended longitudinally hrough the main casing to the atmosphere, the diameter of saidtube being considerab y less than that of the tube 15.

Located within the main casing 1, and adapted to form an inner wallthereto, is an electric heating coil 17, of known construction, theBl-IlliflfllS 18, and 19, of which, shown in lig. 3, are connected witha source 1 of electric energy. The annular space 20,

between said heating coil and the tube 16, which --'forms a carburetingchamber, is in communication with the space surrounding the heatradiator 13, which latter space is in communication with theatn'losphe-re through an opening 21, Fig. 2. Interposed between the tube16, and the heating coil 17, substantially midway between the ends ofthe main casing, is an elongated ring 22, Figs. 2 and P, the walls ofwhich are flared outwardly from the middle toward the ends so as to forma restricted annular space between said tube and ring for a purposehereinafter stated. Tapped into the bottom of the casing l is avalve-plug 23, having an enlarged central bore 24, leading to arestricted. open ing adapted to be closed by means of a needlevalve 25The needle opening terminates in an enlarged bore 26,. formed in anupwardly extended portion 27, which is passed'tlnrough a bore in thering 22, with its upper end flush with the inner surface of said ring.upper portion of the bore 26 is flared ontwardly, as shown.

The needle valve 25, is provided with a stem 28, having a threadedportion 29, which is tapped into a plug 30. A packing gland .31 inclosesthe upper unthreaded portion to prevent leakage. The plug 30 is screwedinto the bottom of a liquid uel reservoir 32, formed upon and extendinglaterally from the main casing. An adjusting disk or wheel 33, hasperipheral indentations adapted to receive'the pointed end of a holdingpin 84, Fig. 2, yieldingl held in a socket within a member 35, rigi lyattached to a ring 36, secured to the lower end of the plug 30. Thisconstruction enables the needle valve to be accurately adjusted andmaintained in any desired position.

Tapped into the bottom of'the reservoir '32, is a plug 37, Fig. 3,having a bore 38, in

communication with a source of liquid fuel supply. The upper part ofsaid bore is en larged as shown at 39, to form a valve-seat for thereception of a needle valve 40, which is-loosely guided through a borein a disk 41, fitted in the upper part of the bore 39. Lateral bores 42,permit the liquid fuel to enter the reservoir when the valve isunseated. The reservoir is provided with. a closed tov er 43, having acentral bore through which the stem 43 of needle valve {10 projects andwhich serves as a guide bearing therefor. Weights 44, are formed uponthe free ends of horizontal levers 44. pivoted at 45, to lugs 46, formedupon the under face of the cover A ring 47, rigidly attached to thevalve-stem 43', has sockets in its periphery for the reception ofroundedends'48, upon the short arms of the levers 44. The weights 44rest upon a float 49, having a central bore for the reception of thevalve-stem 43". This construction enables the valve 40 to be closed Thesulliciently to lift) the float 49 and wei hts 44 g to the proper heightto actuate the controlling levers 44 and move'the valve stem 43downwardly.

The valve-plug 23 is provided witha transverse bore 50, at the base ofthe large bore 26, which bore 50, is in communication with a horizontalbore or duct 51, leading toward the left to the end of the main casing.A relatively small auxiliary liquid fuel reservoir, generally designatedby 52, Figs. 4 to 7 iru lusive, has its upper end tapped into the bottomof the main casing l, as shown in Fig. 4. An electric heating coil 53,having terminals 54, 55, connected with a source of electric energy,common to the heating coil 17, is arranged to inclose the reservoir 52for the purpose of heating its contents. A jet 56, is )rovidedwith anenlarged base 57, which is iitted in the upper end of the reservoir 52,and has one or more vertical bores 58, therein for the purposehereinafter stated. 2

through the casing from the conduit 51, the

axis of said bore being substantially coincident with that of the jet56, in which latter are formed small bores 61, in communication withthebore 60.

i The upper end of the jet 56, istapered and adjusted to enter the loweropen tie/11d of a short tube 62, which is fitted within a bore inv thecasing and extended downwardly into the carbureting chamber 20, and isof a diameter suflicient to permit air from said chamber to enter itaround said jet.

The upper end of the tube 62 is in com mun ication with a chamber (53,Figs. 2, 4 and H, from which a short bore 64, formed in the casing leadsinto operative commimication .with a curved channel. or groove 65, shownin Figs. 2 and 8, and indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 6 and T, whichgroove is formed in the end of a rotary or oscillatable valve 66,journaled in the part 2 of the casing. A,

screw-plug 66*is fitted in the casing for the An endplate 70, isattached to the end of the part 2, of the casing by means of screws 71,Fig. 5, which plate is provided with lugs 72,- having set-screws 7 3,tapped therein; said screws, when adjusted, being secured in place by,means of lock-nuts 74. The set bore conforms in diameter,

screws are in the plane of the lever 69 and are intended to formadjustable stops therefor to permit said lever to be moved through anarc of about ninety degrees for the purpose hereinafter stated.

. The valve 66 is provided with a central bore 75, at right angles toits axis, which and when in normal position, is adapted to coincidewith, a vertical bore 76, formed in the part2 of the casing and adaptedto communicate directly with the motor cylinder, said bore constitutinga mixing chamber. Said valve 66 is also provided with a horizontal bore77, corresponding in diameter and position and in direct communicationwith the carburetin position the valve will be open and when reversed itwill be closed. When fully open, the valve will be in communication withthe carbureting chamber as well as with the atmosphere through the lowerpart of the bore 76. 1

The curved groove 65, in the end of the valve 66, is in communicationwith a horizontally arranged duct 78, Figs. 6, 7 and 8, which leads to adischarge opening 78", arranged at right angles thereto and adapted whenthe valve is closed, to lead centrally into the upper part of the bore76, which,

with the openings 75 and 77 in the valve,

' constitute a mixing-chamber.

locked For the purpose of regulating the quantity of atmospheric air tobe admitted to the mixing chamber 76, I provide a' slide-valve 79, Figs.1, 2 and valve 18 provided with a circular opening 80, for the admissionof air and a slot 81,

for limiting its movement by means of a screw 82, and nut 83, Fig. 6.Said valve is slidably fitted in guides by means of flanges S4, 85. Upondetermining the proper adjustment, the valve 79 may be permanently inposition and will require no change.

The operation of the device is as follows: Upon turning on the electriccurrent, the coils 17 and 53, respectively, become heated, therebyheating the main casing and the auxiliary reservoir 52. The valve 66,which is normally open, as shown in Fig. 6, is reversed by moving thelever 69 in the direction indicated by the arrow shown in Fig. 5,thereby shutting off the admission of atmospheric air through the valve79 and bringing the duct 78, and outlet 78, in the position shown inFigs. 7 and 8. The aspiration of the motor causes a strong suctionthrough the duct 7 8 and tube 62, which not only draws heated air fromthe carbureting chamber, but in so doing induces a suction. upon the jet56, in communication with the chamber 20 of the main casing. Theadpistment of the valve operating lever is such thatwhen the lever is inone extreme 8 to 9 inclusive, which the passage 51 to'ihe auxiliaryreservoir 52, the supply tosail reservoir 52 actually depended uponaccur iulates when the motor is running slowly 01 upon a light load, atwhich time a portioi of the fuel is caused to flow through said passage51 and thence downward through the opening 58 to the reservoir 52, inwhich a supply thus is maintained ready for use in starting the motor orfor supplementirg that from, the main,

nozzle when the load is therefore, the

increased. \Vhen, suctic n occurs through the duct 78 and tube 62, asstated, fuel is drawn upward through the tube 59, while more or less airis drawn through the openings 61, which are slightly about the bottom.of the passage 51, and at t 1e same time additional air is sucked intoihe tube 62 around the nozzle 56. In this way an ample supply of fueland air is provided for starting the eng ne.

As soon as of combustion, in. a highly heated state, are discharged fromthe exhaust into the short pipe 15. Inasmuch as thepipe :16, is smallerin diameter, a poi-ion only of the heated the m )tor starts, theproducts Y product is discharged through said pipe while the remainde ris diverted downward through the bore in the part 13, from whence itpasses through and 8 respectively, within the casing, around theradiator 13, ai d main inner casing, to

be discharged thro igh the exhaust opening 9; thereby heating the wallsof the casing and causing a raiid fuel. The atmospheric air Whichisdrawn bv the suction through the opening 21, be-

the jacketed passages 6' vaporization of the comes highly heated duringits passage and aids in said vaporization. NVhcn the motor is fairlystarted heating of the casing, the lever 69, is reversed, which causasthe opening 78 in the valve 66, to be mo red to the closed positionshown in Fig. 6, tl us shutting oif communication with the starting jet56, and bringing the carbureting ch: imber 20, into direct communication with the opel'iings 75-, an id 77, in the rotary valve-,

as shown in Fig. 5%, thereby inducing a suction directly frorr the maincarbureting chamber. As the air is drawn into the carburetii g chamber20 through the opening 21, it ia-ss es between the heated pipe 16 "andcoil li, a 1d through the restricted S( as to insure a thorough,

fuel jet to the.

the motor cylinder through 5 result being that this bulk reduction will.be.

supplied by an increased flow of air through annular space caused byinducing. a strong suction through the main jet opening into thecarbureting chamber.

An additional volume of air, regulated by the relative size of theopening in the valve .79, is drawn directly into the mixing-chain;-

'parent' that the ber 76. Said opening should be so adjusted as tobeproportionately smaller in effectivearea than that of a cross-section ofthe carbureting chamber 20, so as to cause air to be drawn directlyintothe mixing chamber 7 6 at a relatively high velocity. It will beapsuction exerted on the carbureting chamber will vary with the .volumeof air admitted through said valve 7'9, and it also has been found thatthe temperature of the mixture in' chamber 76 will 1 be maintainedconstant, when the temperature of the air is constant, under a given 20adjustment of valve 79, no matter what the tenance of an eventemperature in the mixtemperature in the carbureting chamber 20 maybe,so that by adjusting said valve 79 any desired temperature ofthemixture in chamber 76, relative to the temperature of the atmosphere,may be secured. This maining chamber 76 occurs by reason of the fol'-'lowing .operation of the device :'As the temperature in, the carburetingchamber 20 rises, due to the action of the heated prod- .ucts ofcombustion entering through tube 15,

- the temperature of the combustible mixture in the chamber 20 will beraised accordingly, this resulting in a proportionate expansion of saidmixture, which will result in a pro portionate diminution in the flow ofair thereinto through the opening 21. Now, under a given suction on the-mixing chame ber 76, the expanded combustible mixture in its heatedstatewill be drawn into said chamber, together with the air inflowingthrough valve 79, and upon meeting the cold air entering through saidvalve will be cooled and consequently reduced in bulk, the

valve-79', which is the direct line of supply to the engine, and willfurther result in a cooling of the mixture and a maintenance of saidmixture at a substantially uniform temperature. It will be noted thatthe liquidfuel is introduced through the jet 26, at

I right angles to the line of movement of the aircurrents passingthrough the cerbureting chamber, and that the resulting mixture 1s againmet by the impinging air through the auxiliary intake at valve 79, thedirection of movement of which is likewise at right angles to that ofthe mixture. It is thus manifest that the fuel is twice mixed with airwhich is caused to impinge thereon at substantially right angles to itsline of movement, before its entry into the intake pipe of the. engine.The construction dethe ring 22, thereby I factory bers, said valvehaving sci'ibed serves not only to insure a perfect mixture, but tocause the liquid fuel and the heated a1r into which it is projected, to

arrive at an equilibrium of temperature;

thus serving to fully vaporize the fuel before its discharge from themixing chamber. 76. V

The valve 79, may be locked when once adjusted and the electricalheating device used only to start the motor, ordinary kerosene being inevery way effective and satisfor that purpose.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:'

A carbureter, comprising, in combination, carbureting and mixingchambers, a

source of liquid fuel supply, alternative means, initial and main, foradmitting liquid fuel to said mixing chambers respectively, means forinitially heating fuel passed through said initial fuel supply means,means for initially heating ting air in conjunction with said fueladmission, and an oscillatab'le valve interposed between saidcarbureting and mixing chamseparate passages, one of which is closedwhen the other is open one serving when open, to admit fuel and airdirectly to said mixing chamber from said initial fuel supply means, andthe other and carbureting said cal-bursting chamber, means for admitas adirect connection between said carbureting and mixing chambers.

2. A carbureter, comprising a carbureting chamber, a mixing chamberhaving an outlet leading "to a motor, a separate conduit leading fromsaid carbureting chamberto a normally closed opening in immediatecommunication-withsaid outlet, an initial fuel jet leading to saidconduit, means for admitting air to said carbureting chamber, amain'fuel jet in communication with said carbureting chamber, asource ofliquid fuel .supply in communication with said jets, means for heatingthe carbureter casing and -.initi.al jet, and an oscillatable' valvelocated between said carbureting and mixing chambers, said valve havingalternately effective passages therein, one of which is closed when theother is open, one being arranged to communicate with said normallyclosed opening in communication with said initial jet, and the otherwith said carbureting and mixin'g chambers. 3. A carbureter, comprising,in combination, a casing having therein a carburet ing chamber, meansfor admitting air. thereto, a source of fuel supply in communicationtherewith, a mixing-chamber, an oscillatable valve having two openingstherethrough, said openings being so positioned that one may be closedwhen the other is open, one forming when open an enlarged passagebetween said carbureting and mix '3' and t i other forming when timelyrest] led passage between i J and a conduit in com-.- d carburctingchamber,

' n communicaopen a 1 said mix 1" iating said resering' said valve v din one position. "1 in another to con ing, in combina- 3, a mmnigchamtoa motor, a

1.5 a normally or ad niber, main aid carbufuel sup-- .ocated betweensaid harnbers, in, one of which is open, one passage 1" ate with said '1union nica tion d the oil u." with cliai'nbers and rolling .e is airadmitted to a carh'ureting or, said ll'llXlllg luit leading to a port,an initial 1 ineansfor t and carburet- Llll'zfil. jet in communichamber,a

in communica- .r heating. said fuel passing iii a three-Way 5 i, la, llposed between said til! carbi vii" I said valve r osttion to open I Inormally ion to open .L eitlCl carburetand between the atmospli tchamber,

' d. earl 1i comm. in combina tion, a carb chain M fuel 60 rt rvoir, astarti at in ,i ation tl ,rewitl "it leading irom die out closed mixturearranged to oi saul conduit,

jet to a normally jet be" open and let of Y discharge W "t. dischargeini 'tion,

I the main outlet-to saf d carbureting adapted to lead means foradmitting a ,r around said jet into said open end, a main uel jetleading to said carbureting chamber, a mixing chamber adapted tocommunicate with a motor cylinder, a three-way, valw located betweensaid (an'bureting and mi ring chambers, said valvebeing adapted u hen inone position to subject said discharge port to the suction of a motorwhile closing the main commuhicaa tion between said carbureting andmixing chambers and when. reversed to open said main communication vhileclosing saidnor mally closed mixture discharge port, an electric heatingcoil for leating the contentsof said fuel reservoir, and a source ofelectricity in open. circuit therewith. i a

'7. A carbureter, co mprising, in comblnaa carbureting ciamber for thereception. of liquid fuel and air, an air inlet lead ing thereto, asource of liquid fuel supply i" a main jet leading therefrom to'saidchamher, an intervening 1i. juid fuel. conduit leading from the body ofsaid jet between the inlet and discharge openings thereof, a

starting jet with Wlich said fuel conduit communicates, an op mniouthedtube leadmg therefrom wit. 1111 said carbureting chamber to a portopening into the dis I charge outlet of said valve interposed betweensaid carbure'ting adapted when 1n abnormal position to bring saidstarting 1et into communication with said mixing cl .ambe'r toesubjectsaid jet to the suction of a motor while closing chamber, and when innormal position to closecommunication with said starting jet and open,direct communication between said carbu reting and mixing cl ,ELHIbGIfS,electrical heat 7 ing means for heating said fuel and carbw ratingchamber, atmospheric air to s Lid mixing chamber.

8. A carbureter,comprising, in combination, a carbureting zhamber havingan air inlet, a mixing-chamber adapted to be discharged by suction iitoamotor, a source of fuel supply, a main fuel jet in communication withsaid carbu reting chamber, a start ing fuel jet in com nunie'ation witha normally closed passage leading to said mixing chamber, said starti[1g jet being in c0m'muuication with the :uel passage leading to, saidmain jet; an emergency fuel reservoir in communication with the branchpassage leading to said star1 ing jet, electrical means for temporarilybetting the wallsfof said products heat the same after starting, and anoscillatable three-way valve interposed between the carbureting andmixing chambers for,

earbureting chamber, a mixing-chamber, an osclllatable three way andmeans for introducing int a 'fuel supply, a main fuel jet incoinmunication therewith and wlth one of said passages, a starting fueljet in comn'iunication with the other passage, said starting fuel jetbeing in communication with the fuel passage leading to said main jet,means for initially heating said starting jet, means for conveying theheated products of combustion from a motor into proximity to the wallsof said carburetin" chamber, an oscillatable threeway valve or shiftingthe motor suction from the starting to the main fuel jet and foradmitting additional air to said, mixing chamber, and means for varyingthe ellective area'of the opening for admitting said additional air.

10. A carburetor, comprising, in combina tion, a carbureting chamber, amixing chamber, intervening alternative carbureting passages incommunication therewith, a source of liquid fuel supply, a main fuel jet.in communication therewith and with one of said passages, a startingfuel-jet in communication with the other passage, an emergency fuelreservoir in communication with the passage leading to said startingjet, electrical means for temporarily heating 4 the walls of saidcarburet er, and said emergency reservoir, means for conveying theheated products of combustion from a motor into proximity to the wallsof said carburetor to heatthe same after starting, and an oscillatablevalve having openings the'reinadapted to alternately re ister with saidalternative passages to c ose one and open the other.

11. A carbureter, comprising, in combination, a carbureting chamberhaving an air inlet at one end and a discharge outlet at the other end,a mixing chamber in operative proximity to a motor combustion chamberand into which said carbureting chamber discharges,- means for heatingsaid carbureting chamber, a source of liquid fuel supply, a fuel jet incommunication therewith and arranged to deliver fuel to said carburetingchamber, a throttle valve, and a valve adapted to be fixedly adjustedand independent of said throttle valve for admitting air directly tosaid mixing chamber in a directionsubstantiall y at a right angle tothedirection of movement of the mixturein said carbureting chamber.

12. A carbureter, comprising, in combination, a source of liquid fuelsupply, alternative means, initial and main, for admitting liquid fuel,means for admitting air in conjunction with said fuel admission, aseparate liquid fuel reservoir for said initial means supplied from saidsource of liquid fuel supply, means for initially heating saidreservoir, and a valve in said carbureter having separate passages, oneserving when open to admit fuel and air directly to the carburetermixing chamber from said initial fuel supply means and the othen servingto admit fuel and air ,from said main supply means.

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses, this 23rd day of August, 1915.

eUs'rAv A. F. AHLBERG.

Witnesses EMERSON G. Hess, LEIGHTQN- H. CAMPBELL.

